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- Title
Strategies for Large-Scale Educational Reform.
- Authors
Gartner, Alan; Riessman, Frank
- Abstract
Experiments have demonstrated clearly the positive effects of various programming variables upon children's learning, but these experiments have not been carried over into the educational system on a large scale. The transition from the demonstration to large‐ scale institutional change requires using some features of the demonstration project; flexible application of procedures and rules, esprit de corps, preventing distractions by focusing upon program objectives, strong leadership, and specific designation of those in charge of the program. Managerial strategies which also prevent wandering and dilution of efforts include careful phasing; in‐depth training of cadre; using model demonstration and training sites; developing a program ethos; and a managerial perspective that integrates flexibility, openmindedness, and autonomy with acceptance of the need for high effort, continuous coordination, and quality control. Transferring an idea or a demonstration program into a large‐scale application involves organizational and system change; it is not just a problem of dissemination. The change agents must have a meaningful understanding of organizational and change theories to prevent the simplistic notion that dissemination results in institutionalization.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change; MILITARY strategy; CURRICULUM; LEARNING; CLASSROOM learning centers; EDUCATIONAL objectives; TEACHER training; ORGANIZATIONAL change; SCHOOL employees
- Publication
Teachers College Record, 1974, Vol 75, Issue 3, p349
- ISSN
0161-4681
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/016146817407500309