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- Title
High diving metabolism results in a short aerobic dive limit for Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus).
- Authors
Gerlinsky, Carling; Rosen, David; Trites, Andrew
- Abstract
The diving capacity of marine mammals is typically defined by the aerobic dive limit (ADL) which, in lieu of direct measurements, can be calculated (cADL) from total body oxygen stores (TBO) and diving metabolic rate (DMR). To estimate cADL, we measured blood oxygen stores, and combined this with diving oxygen consumption rates (VO) recorded from 4 trained Steller sea lions diving in the open ocean to depths of 10 or 40 m. We also examined the effect of diving exercise on O stores by comparing blood O stores of our diving animals to non-diving individuals at an aquarium. Mass-specific blood volume of the non-diving individuals was higher in the winter than in summer, but there was no overall difference in blood O stores between the diving and non-diving groups. Estimated TBO (35.9 ml O kg) was slightly lower than previously reported for Steller sea lions and other Otariids. Calculated ADL was 3.0 min (based on an average DMR of 2.24 L O min) and was significantly shorter than the average 4.4 min dives our study animals performed when making single long dives-but was similar to the times recorded during diving bouts (a series of 4 dives followed by a recovery period on the surface), as well as the dive times of wild animals. Our study is the first to estimate cADL based on direct measures of VO and blood oxygen stores for an Otariid and indicates they have a much shorter ADL than previously thought.
- Subjects
STELLER'S sea lion; MARINE mammal behavior; ANIMAL diving; OXYGEN consumption; OXYGEN in the blood; BLOOD volume; AQUARIUMS
- Publication
Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic & Environmental Physiology, 2013, Vol 183, Issue 5, p699
- ISSN
0174-1578
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00360-013-0742-7