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- Title
Abiotic partitioning of clothianidin under simulated rice field conditions.
- Authors
Mulligan, Rebecca A; Parikh, Sanjai J; Tjeerdema, Ronald S
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Clothianidin is registered for pre- and post-flood application in Californian rice fields for control of the rice seed midge, Cricotopus sylvestris, and the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. The objective was to characterize air-water and soil-water partitioning of clothianidin under simulated Californian rice field conditions. RESULTS Clothianidin was confirmed to be non-volatile (from water) via the gas purge method, as no loss from the aqueous phase was observed at 22 and 37 °C; an upper-limit KH value was calculated at 2.9 × 10−11 Pa m3 mol−1 (20 °C). Soil-water partitioning was determined by the batch equilibrium method using four soils collected from rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, and sorption affinity ( Kd), sorbent capacity, desorption and organic-carbon-normalized distribution ( Koc) were determined. Values for pH, cation exchange capacity and organic matter content ranged from 4.5 to 6.6, from 5.9 to 37.9 and from 1.25 to 1.97% respectively. The log Koc values (22 and 37 °C) ranged from 2.6 to 2.7, while sorption capacity was low at 22 °C and decreased further at 37 °C. Hysteresis was observed in soils at both temperatures, suggesting that bound residues do not readily desorb. CONCLUSIONS Soil-water and air-water partitioning will not significantly reduce offsite transport of clothianidin from flooded rice fields via drainage. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
- Subjects
CLOTHIANIDIN; PADDY fields; RICE seed industry; CRICOTOPUS; AIR-water interfaces; SOIL moisture
- Publication
Pest Management Science, 2015, Vol 71, Issue 10, p1419
- ISSN
1526-498X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ps.3946