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- Title
All Roads Lead to Cathepsins: The Role of Cathepsins in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- Authors
van Mourik, Hester; Li, Mengying; Baumgartner, Sabine; Theys, Jan; Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit
- Abstract
Cathepsins are lysosomal proteases that are essential to maintain cellular physiological homeostasis and are involved in multiple processes, such as immune and energy regulation. Predominantly, cathepsins reside in the lysosomal compartment; however, they can also be secreted by cells and enter the extracellular space. Extracellular cathepsins have been linked to several pathologies, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH is an increasingly important risk factor for the development of HCC, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and poses a great medical and economic burden. While information regarding the involvement of cathepsins in NASH-induced HCC (NASH-HCC) is limited, data to support the role of cathepsins in either NASH or HCC is accumulating. Since cathepsins play a role in both NASH and HCC, it is likely that the role of cathepsins is more significant in NASH-HCC compared to HCC derived from other etiologies. In the current review, we provide an overview on the available data regarding cathepsins in NASH and HCC, argue that cathepsins play a key role in the transition from NASH to HCC, and shed light on therapeutic options in this context.
- Subjects
CATHEPSINS; HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma; NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease; EXTRACELLULAR space; PROTEOLYTIC enzymes
- Publication
Biomedicines, 2022, Vol 10, Issue 10, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2227-9059
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/biomedicines10102351