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- Title
Three‐Dimensional Modeling of the Ground Electric Field in Fennoscandia During the Halloween Geomagnetic Storm.
- Authors
Marshalko, Elena; Kruglyakov, Mikhail; Kuvshinov, Alexey; Viljanen, Ari
- Abstract
In this study, we perform three‐dimensional (3‐D) ground electric field (GEF) modeling in Fennoscandia for three days of the Halloween geomagnetic storm (29–31 October 2003) using magnetic field data from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network and a 3‐D conductivity model of the region. To explore the influence of the inducing source model on 3‐D GEF simulations, we consider three different approaches to source approximation. Within the first two approaches, the source varies laterally, whereas in the third method, the GEF is calculated by implementing the time‐domain realization of the magnetotelluric intersite impedance method. We then compare GEF‐based geomagnetically induced current (GIC) with observations at the Mäntsälä natural gas pipeline recording point. We conclude that a high correlation between modeled and recorded GIC is observed for all considered approaches. The highest correlation is achieved when performing a 3‐D GEF simulation using a "conductivity‐based" laterally nonuniform inducing source. Our results also highlight the strong dependence of the GEF on the earth's conductivity distribution. Plain Language Summary: Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) flow in technological conductor systems during geomagnetic variations. Their simulation is of practical interest, since in the worst case, GIC can even cause power grid blackouts. The critical parameter in GIC modeling is the ground electric field (GEF) at the earth's surface. GEF is rarely measured directly, so it needs to be simulated based on other geophysical data. The modeling input consists of earth electrical conductivity models and ground magnetic field data recorded by magnetometers. Based on the fundamental laws of electrodynamics, it is possible to calculate the GEF at any point on the earth's surface. From the known GEF, GIC can be estimated as well. This study discusses several GEF modeling techniques. Results of modeling during the Halloween geomagnetic storm in October 2003 are validated against GIC observations in Fennoscandia. The study also demonstrates that a conductivity model is a critical factor in estimating GIC since the magnitude of the GEF can decrease or increase many times over short distances due to lateral conductivity variations. Key Points: 3‐D ground electric field (GEF) modeling in Fennoscandia is performed for the Halloween geomagnetic storm using three different source approximation approachesThe highest correlation between GEF‐based and observed GIC is achieved by using the "conductivity‐based" inducing sourceCritical dependence of the GEF on the earth conductivity is demonstrated
- Subjects
MAGNETIC storms; ELECTRIC fields; NATURAL gas pipelines; ELECTRIC power failures; SURFACE of the earth; HALLOWEEN; THREE-dimensional modeling
- Publication
Space Weather: The International Journal of Research & Applications, 2023, Vol 21, Issue 9, p1
- ISSN
1539-4956
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2022SW003370