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- Title
4D Flow MR Imaging of the Left Atrium: What is Non-physiological Blood Flow in the Cardiac System?
- Authors
Tetsuro Sekine; Masatoki Nakaza; Mitsuo Matsumoto; Takahiro Ando; Tatsuya Inoue; Shun-Ichiro Sakamoto; Mitsunori Maruyama; Makoto Obara; Leonowicz, Olgierd; Jitsuo Usuda; Shinichiro Kumita
- Abstract
Most cardiac diseases cause a non-physiological blood flow pattern known as turbulence around the heart and great vessels, which further worsen the disease itself. However, there is no consensus on how blood flow can be defined in disease conditions. Especially, in the left atrium, the fact that vortex flow already exists makes this debate more complicated. 3D time-resolved phase-contrast (4D flow) MRI is expected to be able to capture blood flow patterns from multiple aspects, such as blood flow velocity, stasis, and vortex quantification. Previous studies have confirmed that physiological vortex flow is predominantly induced by the higher-volume flow from the superior left pulmonary vein. In atrial fibrillation, 4D flow MRI reveals a non-physiological blood flow pattern, which information may add value to well-established clinical risk factors. Currently, the research target of LA analysis has also widened to lung surgeons, pulmonary vein stump thrombosis after left upper lobectomy. 4D flow MRI is expected to be utilized for many more variable diseases that are currently unimaginable.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging; COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; HEART diseases; TEMPORAL lobectomy; VORTEX motion
- Publication
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 2022, Vol 21, Issue 2, p293
- ISSN
1347-3182
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0137