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- Title
Extraction of Citric Acid by Liquid Surfactant Membranes: Bench Experiments in Single and Multistage Operation.
- Authors
Konzen, C.; Araújo, E. M. R.; Balarini, J. C.; Miranda, T. L. S.; Salum, A.
- Abstract
The extraction of citric acid by liquid surfactant membranes (LSM) was performed using A/O/A emulsions, composed of sodium acetate aqueous solutions (inner phase), mixtures of Alamine 336 and ECA 4360 dissolved in Exxsol D240/280 (membrane phase), and citric acid aqueous solutions (feed phase). Two factorial designs (25-1 and 2³) were used to define suitable operating conditions, in a single stage, producing citric acid solutions at 0.25 g mL-1 from aqueous feed solutions at 0.10 g mL-1. The parameters investigated and the best operating conditions obtained were pH of the feed phase (pH = 1.5), surfactant (ws = 2 %) and carrier concentration in the membrane phase (wc = 20 %), stirring speed (v = 145 rpm), and permeation time (t = 10 minutes) upon the citric acid concentration in the inner and feed phases, and inner phase swelling. Under these conditions, an extraction greater than 50 % and swelling equal to 80 % were obtained. Use of recycled membranes as well as extraction in multiple stages was also evaluated. Experiments of recycling revealed that the membranes can be reused for at least three times with good performance. Extraction in multiple stages showed high efficiency for the citric acid separation (~100 %) after three steps of operation.
- Subjects
CITRIC acid; SURFACE active agents; SODIUM acetate; LIQUID-liquid extraction; LIQUID membranes; FACTORIAL experiment designs
- Publication
Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 2014, Vol 28, Issue 3, p289
- ISSN
0352-9568
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.15255/CABEQ.2013.1789