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- Title
Single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of diflufenican, mepanipyrim, fipronil, and pretilachlor in water samples.
- Authors
Araujo, Lilia; Troconis, María; Cubillán, Dalia; Mercado, Jair; Villa, Noreiva; Prieto, Avismelsi
- Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of diflufenican, mepanipyrim, pretilachlor, and fipronil in water samples was developed using single drop microextraction in the direct immersion mode and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A factorial fractionated design of type 2 at two levels was performed, to study the influence of experimental variables such as ionic strength, pH, agitation speed, extraction time, drop volume, and sample volume. To establish the optimal conditions for the variables that were significant, a Doehlert design was performed. The optimum conditions of extraction were 1 μL of heptane immersed in 4.0 mL of sample with continuous agitation at 500 rpm for 30 min at room temperature. The developed method proved to have good linearity for the range studied. The detection limits were 0.07 μg L for diflufenican, 0.03 μg L for mepanipyrim, 0.08 μg L for pretilachlor, and 1.39 μg L for fipronil. The method was validated on river water samples, showing the absence of matrix effect and recoveries ranged from 90.1 to 107.8 %. The results show that the method developed is accurate, sensitive, rapid, simple, and low cost, so it is recommended for application in the analysis of these different classes of pesticides in water samples.
- Subjects
COMPOSITION of water; EXTRACTION (Chemistry); GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); DIFLUFENICAN; FIPRONIL; PRETILACHLOR; WATER pollution
- Publication
Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2013, Vol 185, Issue 12, p10225
- ISSN
0167-6369
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10661-013-3327-8