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- Title
Effects of Initial Performance, Gross Efficiency and O<sub><italic>2peak</italic></sub> Characteristics on Subsequent Adaptations to Endurance Training in Competitive Cyclists.
- Authors
Skovereng, Knut; Sylta, Øystein; Tønnessen, Espen; Hammarström, Daniel; Danielsen, Jørgen; Seiler, Stephen; Rønnestad, Bent R.; Sandbakk, Øyvind
- Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of initial levels of cycling performance, peak oxygen uptake ( O2peak) and gross efficiency (GE) on the subsequent adaptations of these variables and their relationship following high-intensity training (HIT) designed to increase O2peak in competitive cyclists. Sixty cyclists ( O2peak = 61 ± 6 mL kg-1 min-1) were assigned a 12-week training program consisting of twenty-four supervised high-intensity interval training sessions and <italic>ad libitum</italic> low intensity training. GE was calculated at 125, 175, and 225 W and performance was determined by mean power during a 40-min time-trial (Power40 min). In addition to correlation analyses between initial level and pre- to post-intervention changes of the different variables, we compared these changes between four groups where participants were categorized with either low and/or high initial levels of O2peak and GE. Average volume of high- and low-intensity training during the 12-week intervention was 1.5 ± 0.3 and 8.3 ± 2.7 h·week-1, respectively. Following the 12-week training period, there was a significant increase in absolute and body mass normalized O2peak and Power40 min (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) and a significant decrease in GE (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) for all athletes pooled. There was no change in body mass following the 12-week training period. We found a moderate negative correlation between initial level of O2peak and the change in O2peak following the training period (<italic>r</italic> = -0.32; <italic>p</italic> < 0.05). A small negative correlation was also found between initial Power40 min and its change following training both when expressed in absolute power and power normalized for body mass (<italic>r</italic> = -0.27 and -0.28; both <italic>p</italic> < 0.05). A moderate negative correlation was also found between initial levels for GE and its change following training (<italic>r</italic> = -0.44; <italic>p</italic> < 0.01). There were no differences between the four groups based on initial levels of O2peak and GE in the response to training on O2peak, GE, or Power40 min (all <italic>p</italic> > 0.12). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that there are statistically significant effects of initial levels of cycling performance and O2peak and on the subsequent adaptations following a 12-week HIT program, but the small and moderate effects indicate limited influence on training practice.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of cycling; CYCLING training; AEROBIC capacity; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of oxygen; PHYSIOLOGICAL transport of oxygen
- Publication
Frontiers in Physiology, 2018, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1664-042X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fphys.2018.00713