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- Title
Development of a consensus protocol to quantify primate anti-non- Gal xenoreactive antibodies using pig aortic endothelial cells.
- Authors
Azimzadeh, Agnes M.; Byrne, Guerard W.; Ezzelarab, Mohamed; Welty, Emily; Braileanu, Gheorghe; Cheng, Xiangfei; Robson, Simon C.; McGregor, Christopher G. A.; Cooper, David K. C.; Pierson, Richard N.
- Abstract
Background Scientists working in the field of xenotransplantation do not employ a uniform method to measure and report natural and induced antibody responses to non- Galα(1,3) Gal (non- Gal) epitopes. Such humoral responses are thought to be particularly pathogenic after transplantation of vascularized Gal TKO pig organs and having a more uniform assay and reporting format would greatly facilitate comparisons between laboratories. Methods Flow cytometry allows examination of antibody reactivity to intact antigens in their natural location and conformation on cell membranes. We have established a simple and reproducible flow cytometric assay to detect antibodies specific for non- Gal pig antigens using primary porcine aortic endothelial cells ( pAECs) and cell culture-adapted pAEC cell lines generated from wild type and α1,3galactosyl transferase knockout (Gal TKO) swine. Results The consensus protocol we propose here is based on procedures routinely used in four xenotransplantation centers and was independently evaluated at three sites using shared cells and serum samples. Our observation support use of the cell culture-adapted Gal TKO pAEC KO:15502 cells as a routine method to determine the reactivity of anti-non- Gal antibodies in human and baboon serum. Conclusions We have developed an assay that allows the detection of natural and induced non-Gal xenoreactive antibodies present in human or baboon serum in a reliable and consistent manner. This consensus assay and format for reporting the data should be accessible to laboratories and will be useful for assessing experimental results between multiple research centers. Adopting this assay and format for reporting the data should facilitate the detection, monitoring, and detailed characterization of non- Gal antibody responses.
- Subjects
ENDOTHELIAL cells; AORTIC valve transplantation; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; EPITOPES; GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASES
- Publication
Xenotransplantation, 2014, Vol 21, Issue 6, p555
- ISSN
0908-665X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/xen.12125