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- Title
The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions.
- Authors
Kaminska, Barbara; Kurowicka, Beata; Kiezun, Marta; Dobrzyn, Kamil; Kisielewska, Katarzyna; Gudelska, Marlena; Kopij, Grzegorz; Szymanska, Karolina; Zarzecka, Barbara; Koker, Oguzhan; Zaobidna, Ewa; Smolinska, Nina; Kaminski, Tadeusz
- Abstract
Simple Summary: The pituitary gland is a key endocrine gland in all classes of vertebrates, including mammals, and it is an important part of hypothalamus–pituitary–target organ hormonal regulatory axes. In response to hypothalamic stimuli, the pituitary gland secretes a number of hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress reactions and environmental adaptation, growth and development, as well as reproductive processes and lactation. The pituitary gland also responds to a complex of other peripheral signals, including adipose-tissue-derived factors. These substances are a broad group of peptides known as adipocytokines or adipokines that act as endocrine hormones mainly involved in energy homeostasis. Adipokines and their receptors are expressed in many tissues, including the pituitary gland, suggesting that they have a direct effect on this gland. This review is an overview of the existing knowledge of the relationship between chosen adipose-derived factors and endocrine functions of the pituitary gland, with an emphasis on the pituitary control of reproductive processes. The pituitary gland is a key endocrine gland in all classes of vertebrates, including mammals. The pituitary gland is an important component of hypothalamus–pituitary–target organ hormonal regulatory axes and forms a functional link between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In response to hypothalamic stimuli, the pituitary gland secretes a number of hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress reactions and environmental adaptation, growth and development, as well as reproductive processes and lactation. In turn, hormones secreted by target organs at the lowest levels of the hormonal regulatory axes regulate the functions of the pituitary gland in the process of hormonal feedback. The pituitary also responds to other peripheral signals, including adipose-tissue-derived factors. These substances are a broad group of peptides known as adipocytokines or adipokines that act as endocrine hormones mainly involved in energy homeostasis. Adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, apelin, chemerin, visfatin, and irisin, are also expressed in the pituitary gland, and they influence the secretory functions of this gland. This review is an overview of the existing knowledge of the relationship between chosen adipose-derived factors and endocrine functions of the pituitary gland, with an emphasis on the pituitary control of reproductive processes.
- Subjects
ADIPOKINES; PITUITARY gland; ENDOCRINE glands; ENDOCRINE system; HORMONE regulation; METABOLIC regulation; NERVOUS system
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 2, p353
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani14020353