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- Title
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN ON DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF Cadra cautella (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE).
- Authors
Khawaja Ghulam Rasool; Mureed Husain; Khalid Mehmood; Sukirno Sukirno; Muhammad Tufail; Alhamdan, Abdullah M. A.; Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.
- Abstract
The efficacy of CO2 and N2 gases alone or in a mixture was tested against eggs, larvae, and pupae of the almond moth, Cadra cautella, a major date fruit pest, under temperature regimes of 5°C and 25°C. Our results indicated that exposing different stages to higher concentrations of CO2 significantly affected egg hatchability, larval mortality, and pupal mortality as compared to 100% N2 gas, at both temperature regimes. Application of CO2 at lower doses (below 50%) did not give 100% mortality of any developmental stage even at longer exposure timings. However, treatments at higher doses (75 and 100% CO2) were effective at 24 h and longer treatment duration. The application of 100% N2 did not effectively control C. cautella. Of all the stages, the larvae of C. cautella were most susceptible to the gases. Our results indicated that temperature has a significant effect on the efficacy of gases or their combinations tested after an exposure of 48 h and longer. Based on current findings, we conclude that CO2 gas is a good candidate for successful control of C. cautella immature stages under storage conditions and can be a potential alternative to highly toxic methyl bromide.
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide; NITROGEN in agriculture; FIG moth; CONTROL of agricultural pests &; diseases; FRUIT diseases &; pests; BROMOMETHANE; CONTROLLED atmosphere packaging
- Publication
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, Vol 54, Issue 4, p731
- ISSN
0552-9034
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.21162/PAKJAS/17.4085