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- Title
Characterization and applications of ion-exchange membranes and selective ion transport through them: a review.
- Authors
Ahmad, Muhammad; Ahmed, Mahmood
- Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) have found potential applications in diverse areas, such as environment related issues and addressing energy. Due to their increasing importance, several studies have been made on the preparation, characterization, modification, and applications of IEMs. This paper first discusses IEMs, their use as new separation materials, and the methods to characterize them. Subsequent sections review IEM-based ion separation techniques, such as diffusion dialysis, Donnan dialysis, and particularly electrodialysis (ED). Importantly, the section on ED reviews concentration polarization (CP), which is especially relevant to the recent trends of research. More specifically, a discussion on monovalent ion permselective membranes and the methods to create them has been made in the paper. Layer-by-layer (LBL) adsorption of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) gives rise to remarkable monovalent to multivalent cation and anion selectivities > 1000 and > 100, respectively. However, such high selectivities are accompanied by lower current efficiencies (∼ 50%) and lower recoveries of the ions. Additionally, the PEMs assembled through LBL deposition method may start delaminating under an applied potential after a certain period of time. The later part of the paper suggests creating selective PEMs with a net charge matching the native charge of IEMs to reduce CP in ED. Suggestions to increase current efficiencies, percentage recoveries of ions of interest, and the possible ways to increase the stability of PEMs deposited on IEMs have also been discussed in the paper.
- Subjects
MONOVALENT cations; ELECTRODIALYSIS; ION-permeable membranes; IONS; MULTILAYERS
- Publication
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2023, Vol 53, Issue 8, p1537
- ISSN
0021-891X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10800-023-01882-3