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- Title
Competition shifts the advantage of the invasive plant Bidens alba to a disadvantage under soil ammonia nitrogen.
- Authors
Wei, Hui-Jie; Chen, Bao-Ming
- Abstract
Invasive plants often benefit from changes in soil nitrogen (N) availability and from positive feedback of soil microbes, but we know little about the effects of soil inorganic N forms on the competition between invasive and native species and the role of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We conducted a common garden experiment and grew the invasive species Bidens alba and its native congener, Bidens biternata, in monoculture and mixed culture with four N treatments (NH4+, NH4NO3, NO3− and no N addition) with and without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD). We added a soil microbial suspension containing AOA and AOB to sterilized soil while excluding mycorrhizal fungi. The results showed that B. alba had a growth advantage over B. biternata under the NH4+ treatment in the monoculture, whereas competition with B. biternata led to a disadvantage for B. alba under the NH4+ treatment. However, B. alba had a competitive tolerance of B. biternata advantage under NO3−. The NH4+ treatment reduced the competitive suppression ability of B. alba, while the NO3− and NH4NO3 treatments strengthened it. The AOB abundance was more sensitive than the AOA abundance to N addition, but the abundances of AOA and AOB did not significantly differ across all N treatments. The application of DCD significantly influenced the soil net nitrification rate but had little effect on the soil NH4+ and NO3−. Our results provide evidence that competition eliminates the growth advantage of B. alba under NH4+. This study highlights the importance of N form in competitive outcomes between B. alba and B. biternata as well as the role of AOA and AOB.
- Subjects
INVASIVE plants; NITROGEN in soils; NITRIFICATION inhibitors; AMMONIA-oxidizing bacteria; SOIL microbiology
- Publication
Biological Invasions, 2023, Vol 25, Issue 7, p2277
- ISSN
1387-3547
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10530-023-03040-4