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- Title
Staphylococcus aureus wraps around Candida albicans and synergistically escapes from Neutrophil extracellular traps.
- Authors
Qi Jing; Rui Liu; Qingsong Jiang; Yingshuang Liu; Jinzhi He; Xuedong Zhou; Ollie Yiru Yu; Chun-Hung Chu; Lei Cheng; Biao Ren; Mingyun Li
- Abstract
Background: NETs, a unique neutrophil immune mechanism, are vital in defending against microbial invasions. Understanding the mechanisms of coinfection by Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, which often leads to higher mortality and poorer prognosis, is crucial for studying infection progression. Methods: In our study, we established a mouse model of subcutaneous infection to characterize the inflammation induced by co-infection. By purifying and extracting NETs to interact with microorganisms, we delve into the differences in their interactions with various microbial species. Additionally, we investigated the differences in NETs production by neutrophils in response to single or mixed microorganisms through the interaction between neutrophils and these microorganisms. Furthermore, we analyzed the gene expression differences during co-infection using transcriptomics. Results: In vivo, C. albicans infections tend to aggregate, while S. aureus infections aremore diffuse. In cases of co-infection, S. aureus adheres to and wraps C. albicans. NETs exhibit strong killing capability against C. albicans butweaker efficacy against S. aureus. When NETs interact with mixed microorganisms, they preferentially target and kill the outer layer of S. aureus. In the early stages, neutrophils primarily rely on phagocytosis to kill S. aureus, but as the bacteria accumulate, they stimulate neutrophils to produce NETs. Interestingly, in the presence of neutrophils, S. aureus promotes the proliferation and hyphal growth of C. albicans. Conclusion: Our research has showed substantial differences in the progression of co-infections compared to single-microbial infections, thereby providing scientific evidence for NETs as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of co-infections.
- Subjects
CANDIDA albicans; STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus; NEUTROPHILS; MICROBIAL invasiveness; PHAGOCYTOSIS; CANDIDA; MICROCOCCACEAE
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2024, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422440