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- Title
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol from Panax ginseng Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src.
- Authors
Song, Chaoran; Shen, Ting; Kim, Han Gyung; Hu, Weicheng; Cho, Jae Youl
- Abstract
20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of Panax ginseng, has multiple pharmacological properties. However, the effects of PPD against human gastric cancer have not been elucidated. Our purpose in this study was to investigate if PPD has anticancer effects against human gastric cancer in vitro. Cell viability, migration, clone formation, and invasion were assessed to explore the effects of PPD on cancer cells. PI and annexin V staining as well as immunoblotting were employed to determine if PPD-induced apoptosis and autophagy of MKN1 and MKN45 cells. The target of PPD was identified using immunoblotting, overexpression analysis, and flow cytometric analysis. PPD exhibited significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, colony formation, and invasion. Phosphorylation of Src and its down-stream effectors were inhibited by PPD. PPD-enhanced apoptosis and autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inhibiting Src. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PPD induces apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells in vitro by inhibiting Src.
- Subjects
STOMACH tumors; IN vitro studies; FLOW cytometry; STAINS &; staining (Microscopy); CELL culture; AUTOPHAGY; CANCER invasiveness; ONCOGENES; APOPTOSIS; NF-kappa B; CELL survival; CELL motility; IMMUNOBLOTTING; GENE expression; T-test (Statistics); CELLULAR signal transduction; TRANSFERASES; DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; CELL lines; MOLECULAR structure; GINSENG; PHOSPHORYLATION
- Publication
American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2023, Vol 51, Issue 1, p205
- ISSN
0192-415X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1142/S0192415X2350012X