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- Title
Multicenter Candida auris outbreak caused by azole‐susceptible clade IV in Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Authors
Spruijtenburg, Bram; Nobrega de Almeida Júnior, João; Ribeiro, Felipe de Camargo; Kemmerich, Karoline Kristina; Baeta, Karla; Meijer, Eelco F. J.; de Groot, Theun; Meis, Jacques F.; Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes; Ramos, Cleiton Alves; de Melo, Camylla Carvalho; dos Anjos, Raphael; Branco, Cátia Arcuri; Assis, Sandra; da Silva Pinheiro, Milena Raphaela; de Oliveira, Maria Alice Soares; da Silva, Priscila Keila Silvestre; Salazar, Marcela; de Oliveira Moreira, Roberta Cristina; de Moraes Rego Guedes, Gabriela
- Abstract
Background: Candida auris is an emerging multidrug‐resistant yeast, frequently causing outbreaks in health care facilities. The pathogen persistently colonises human skin and inanimate surfaces such as catheters, aiding to its spread. Moreover, colonisation is a risk factor to develop invasive infection. Objectives: We investigated 61 C. auris strains isolated from non‐sterile human body sites (n = 53) and the hospital environment (n = 8), originating from four different centres in a single Brazilian state. Materials and Methods: Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) against common antifungals was performed, and resistance‐associated genes were evaluated. Genetic relatedness was investigated with short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping and validated with whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Results: Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated that all isolates were susceptible to azoles, echinocandins and amphotericin B. No mutations were detected in ERG11 and FKS1 genes. With STR typing, isolates were allocated to clade IV and appeared closely related. This was confirmed by WGS SNP analysis of 6 isolates, which demonstrated a maximal difference of only 41 SNPs between these strains. Furthermore, the Brazilian isolates formed a distinct autochthonous branch within clade IV, excluding recent introductions from outside the country. A molecular clock analysis of clade IV isolates from various countries suggests that early in the previous century there was a unique event causing environmental spread of a C. auris ancestor throughout the Latin‐American continent, followed by human introduction during the last decades. Conclusion: We report the emergence of C. auris patient colonisation in multiple centres by fluconazole‐susceptible clade IV close‐related strains in Pernambuco State, Brazil.
- Subjects
RECIFE (Brazil); BRAZIL; MICROSATELLITE repeats; WHOLE genome sequencing; CANDIDA; HEALTH facilities; SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms; ANTIFUNGAL agents; CIRCADIAN rhythms
- Publication
Mycoses, 2024, Vol 67, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
0933-7407
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/myc.13752