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- Title
Estimating Projectile Perpendicular Impact Velocity on Metal Sheet Targets from the Shape of the Target Hole.
- Authors
Tsach, Tsadok; Landau, Eliezer; Shor, Yaron; Volkov, Nikolai; Chaikovsky, Alan
- Abstract
The correlation between bullet hole shapes in metal and projectile impact velocity was examined. A series of shots were fired from an M-16A1 assault rifle of 5.56 mm caliber toward a 1-mm thick metal target. All shots were fired at a perpendicular angle to the metal sheets, and the velocity was measured just before the projectile hit the target. Velocities ranged between 400 and 900 m/sec. From the replica of the shooting hole, a perpendicular plane was created, showing the symmetrical properties of the hole. The best mathematical equation describing the shape of the entrance hole was the exponential function in the form: The empirical equation of the hole defined using the regression method is: This equation describes the general shape of shooting holes created by velocities ranging from 440 to 750 m/sec. From this equation, one can estimate the bullet velocity when it hits the target.
- Subjects
FORENSIC sciences; CRIMINAL investigation; SHOOTING (Sports); BULLET identification; MATHEMATICAL analysis; REGRESSION analysis; EXPONENTIAL functions; PROJECTILES -- Speed; TARGETS (Shooting)
- Publication
Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2009, Vol 54, Issue 1, p77
- ISSN
0022-1198
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00930.x