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- Title
Low-Energy Shock Wave Suppresses Prostatic Pain and Inflammation by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulators on a Carrageenan-Induced Prostatitis Model in Rats.
- Authors
Wu, Zong-Sheng; Wang, Hung-Jen; Lee, Wei-Chia; Luo, Hou Lun; Lin, Tsu-Kung; Chuang, Yao-Chi
- Abstract
A low-energy shock wave (LESW) has therapeutic effects on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS); however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. We explored the effects of LESW on the prostate and mitochondrial dynamics regulators in a rat model of carrageenan-induced prostatitis. The imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics regulators may affect the inflammatory process and molecules and contribute to CP/CPPS. Male Sprague–Dawley rats received intraprostatic 3% or 5% carrageenan injections. The 5% carrageenan group also received LESW treatment at 24 h, 7 days, and 8 days. Pain behavior was evaluated at baseline, 1 week, and 2 weeks after a saline or carrageenan injection. The bladder and the prostate were harvested for immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Intraprostatic carrageenan injection induced inflammatory reaction in the prostate and the bladder, decreased the pain threshold, and resulted in the upregulation of Drp-1, MFN-2, NLRP3 (mitochondrial integrity markers), substance P, and CGRP-RCP, whose effects were maintained for 1–2 weeks. LESW treatment suppressed carrageenan-induced prostatic pain, inflammatory reaction, mitochondrial integrity markers, and expression of sensory molecules. These findings support a link between the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of LESW in CP/CPPS and the reversal of cellular perturbations caused by imbalances in mitochondrial dynamics in the prostate.
- Subjects
PROSTATITIS; MITOCHONDRIA; SUBSTANCE P; ANIMAL disease models; PAIN threshold; SHOCK waves; HYPERTONIC saline solutions
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 4, p3898
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms24043898