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- Title
Relevance of Surface Neuronal Protein Autoantibodies as Biomarkers in Seizure-Associated Disorders.
- Authors
Stanciu, Gabriela Dumitrita; Bild, Veronica; Ababei, Daniela Carmen; Rusu, Razvan Nicolae; Beschea Chiriac, Sorin Ioan; Rezuş, Elena; Luca, Andrei
- Abstract
The detection of neuronal surface protein autoantibody-related disorders has contributed to several changes in our understanding of central nervous system autoimmunity. The clinical presentation of these disorders may be associated (or not) with tumors, and often patients develop an inexplicable onset of epilepsy, catatonic or autistic features, or memory and cognitive dysfunctions. The autoantigens in such cases have critical roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity, memory function, and process learning. For months, patients with such antibodies may be comatose or encephalopathic and yet completely recover with palliative care and immunotherapies. This paper reviews several targets of neuronal antibodies as biomarkers in seizure disorders, focusing mainly on autoantibodies, which target the extracellular domains of membrane proteins, namely leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2), the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-B (GABABR), the glycine receptor (GlyR), and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). In order to restore health status, limit hospitalization, and optimize results, testing these antibodies should be done locally, using internationally certified procedures for a precise and rapid diagnosis, with the possibility of initiating therapy as soon as possible.
- Subjects
AUTOANTIBODIES; GLYCINE receptors; MEMBRANE proteins; BIOMARKERS; CENTRAL nervous system; PROTEIN domains; METHYL aspartate receptors
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, Vol 20, Issue 18, p4529
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms20184529