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- Title
Anti-HIV-1 activity, protease inhibition and safety profile of extracts prepared from Rhus parviflora.
- Authors
Modi, Manoj; Nutan; Pancholi, Boskey; Kulshrestha, Shweta; Rawat, Ajay Kumar Singh; Malhotra, Swadesh; Gupta, Satish Kumar
- Abstract
Background: In the present study, extracts prepared from the leaves of Rhus parviflora Roxb. (Anacardiaceae) were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity, which have been traditionally used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, insomnia and epilepsy. Methods: Aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts prepared from leaves of the plant were tested for their cytotoxicity and anti-HIV property using reporter gene based assays as well as human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Further these extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease activity. Safety profile of the extracts was determined on viability of Lactobacillus sp., secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by vaginal keratinocytes and transepithelial resistance. Results: Both aqueous (IC50 = 15 µg/ml) and 50% ethanolic (IC50 = 26 µg/ml) extracts prepared from leaves of R. parviflora showed anti-HIV activity in TZM-bl cells wherein the virus was treated with the extracts prior to infection. Further, both the extracts also inhibited virus load in HIV infected CEM-GFP cells and human PBLs. The anti-HIV activity is mediated through inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity. Both the extracts did not disturb the integrity of monolayer formed by intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. The extracts when tested up to 100 µg/ml did not significantly reduce the viability of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus and L. casei. The extracts (100 µg/ml) did not reveal any cytotoxic effect on vaginal keratinocytes (Vk2/E6E7). Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by Vk2/E6E7 cells treated with both the plant extracts were within the non-inflammatory range. Conclusions: The studies reported herein showed in vitro anti-HIV activity and preliminary safety profile of the extracts prepared from the leaves of R. parviflora.
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance; BIOLOGICAL assay; CELL culture; CYTOKINES; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; HIV; HIV infections; RESEARCH funding; TOXICITY testing; PLANT extracts; PROTEASE inhibitors; VIRAL load; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; IN vitro studies
- Publication
BMC Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2013, Vol 13, Issue 1, p158
- ISSN
1472-6882
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/1472-6882-13-158