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- Title
FPGA-Based Implementation of an Adaptive Noise Controller for Continuous Wave Superconducting Cavity.
- Authors
Abdi, Fatemeh; Cichalewski, Wojciech; Jałmużna, Wojciech; Butkowski, Łukasz; Branlard, Julien; Bellandi, Andrea; Jabłoński, Grzegorz
- Abstract
Low-level radio frequency (LLRF) systems have been designed to regulate the accelerator field in the cavity; these systems have been used in the free electron laser (FLASH) and European X-ray free-electron laser (E-XFEL). However, the reliable operation of these cavities is often hindered by two primary sources of noise and disturbances: Lorentz force detuning (LFD) and mechanical vibrations, commonly known as microphonics. This article presents an innovative solution in the form of a narrowband active noise controller (NANC) designed to compensate for the narrowband mechanical noise generated by certain supporting machines, such as vacuum pumps and helium pressure vibrations. To identify the adaptive filter coefficients in the NANC method, a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm is put forward. Furthermore, a variable step size (VSS) method is proposed to estimate the adaptive filter coefficients based on changes in microphonics, ultimately compensating for their effects on the cryomodule. An accelerometer with an SPI interface and some transmission boards are manufactured and mounted at the cryomodule test bench (CMTB) to measure the microphonics and transfer them via Ethernet cable from the cryomodule side to the LLRF crate side. Several locations had been selected to find the optimal location for installing the accelerometer. The proposed NANC method is characterized by low computational complexity, stability, and high tracking ability. By addressing the challenges associated with noise and disturbances in cavity operation, this research contributes to the enhanced performance and reliability of LLRF systems in particle accelerators.
- Subjects
VIBRATION (Mechanics); FREE electron lasers; X-ray lasers; ADAPTIVE filters; NOISE; PARTICLE accelerators; MACHINE theory
- Publication
Electronics (2079-9292), 2024, Vol 13, Issue 1, p155
- ISSN
2079-9292
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/electronics13010155