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- Title
GWAS and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Key Genes Affecting Root Growth under Low Nitrogen Supply in Maize.
- Authors
Wang, Yunyun; Zhu, Tianze; Yang, Jiyuan; Wang, Houmiao; Ji, Weidong; Xu, Yang; Yang, Zefeng; Xu, Chenwu; Li, Pengcheng
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors affecting crop production. Root morphology exhibits a high degree of plasticity to nitrogen deficiency. However, the mechanisms underlying the root foraging response under low-N conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 213 maize inbred lines using hydroponic systems and regarding their natural variations in 22 root traits and 6 shoot traits under normal (2 mM nitrate) and low-N (0 mM nitrate) conditions. Substantial phenotypic variations were detected for all traits. N deficiency increased the root length and decreased the root diameter and shoot related traits. A total of 297 significant marker-trait associations were identified by a genome-wide association study involving different N levels and the N response value. A total of 51 candidate genes with amino acid variations in coding regions or differentially expressed under low nitrogen conditions were identified. Furthermore, a candidate gene ZmNAC36 was resequenced in all tested lines. A total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 12 insertions and deletions were significantly associated with lateral root length of primary root, primary root length between 0 and 0.5 mm in diameter, primary root surface area, and total length of primary root under a low-N condition. These findings help us to improve our understanding of the genetic mechanism of root plasticity to N deficiency, and the identified loci and candidate genes will be useful for the genetic improvement of maize tolerance cultivars to N deficiency.
- Subjects
CORN; ROOT growth; SUPPLY &; demand; GENOME-wide association studies; SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms; NITROGEN deficiency; GENES
- Publication
Genes, 2022, Vol 13, Issue 9, p1632
- ISSN
2073-4425
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/genes13091632