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- Title
Effects of Reaction Medium on the Phase Synthesis and Particle Size Evolution of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>.
- Authors
Stawski, Tomasz M.; Veldhuis, Sjoerd A.; Göbel, Ole F.; ten Elshof, Johan E.; Blank, Dave H. A.
- Abstract
The low-temperature alkoxide-hydroxide precipitation synthesis of nanosized crystalline barium titanate (BaTiO3) in nonaqueous media is presented. In this report, we show the influence of the reaction medium on the nature of the product by investigating the reaction of titanium (IV) isopropoxide with barium hydroxide hydrates in 2-methoxyethanol and benzyl alcohol, respectively. A perovskite phase precipitated only in benzyl alcohol, but not in 2-methoxyethanol. One molar equivalent of water, present in barium hydroxide monohydrate, was sufficient to hydrolyze the alkoxide and form nanocrystalline BaTiO3. Depending on the water concentration, the process led directly to crystalline powder of particle sizes ranging from 3 to 10 nm, and with a clear correlation between particle size and amount of water.
- Subjects
TITANATES; CHEMICAL reactions; BARIUM spectra; ALKOXIDES; SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; HIGH resolution electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; PEROVSKITE
- Publication
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2010, Vol 93, Issue 10, p3443
- ISSN
0002-7820
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03827.x