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- Title
Loss of IL-10 Promotes Differentiation of Microglia to a M1 Phenotype.
- Authors
Laffer, Björn; Bauer, Dirk; Wasmuth, Susanne; Busch, Martin; Jalilvand, Tida Viola; Thanos, Solon; Meyer zu Hörste, Gerd; Loser, Karin; Langmann, Thomas; Heiligenhaus, Arnd; Kasper, Maren
- Abstract
Microglia represent the primary resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and modulate local immune responses. Depending on their physiological functions, microglia can be classified into pro- (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important modulator of neuronal homeostasis, with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions, and can be released by microglia. Here, we investigated how IL-10 deficiency affected the M1/2 polarization of primary microglia upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. Microglia phenotypes were analyzed via flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine secretion were examined by ELISA and bead-based multiplex LEGENDplexTM. Our results showed that genetic depletion of IL-10 led to elevated M1 like phenotype (CD86+ CD206−) under pro-inflammatory conditions associated with increased frequency of IL-6+, TNF-α+ cells and enhanced release of several pro-inflammatory chemokines. Absence of IL-10 led to an attenuated M2 like phenotype (CD86− CD206+) and a reduced secretion of TGF-β1 upon LPS stimulation. In conclusion, IL-10 deficiency may promote the polarization of microglia into M1-prone phenotype under pro-inflammatory conditions.
- Subjects
MICROGLIA; CENTRAL nervous system; PHENOTYPES; IMMUNE response
- Publication
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2019, p1
- ISSN
1662-5102
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fncel.2019.00430