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- Title
Phototoxic Effect of Topical Fluoroquinolones Administered Before Corneal Crosslinking in a Murine Model.
- Authors
Reviglio, Victor E.; Osaba, Matias; Sambuelli, Gabriela; Kuo, Irene C.
- Abstract
<bold>Purpose: </bold>Corneal crosslinking by UV light (UV-CXL) has become a popular treatment for keratoconus and corneal ectasia. Fluoroquinolones (FQs), commonly administered topically before UV-CXL, are known to be phototoxic to the skin and lens. The purpose of this study was to investigate phototoxic effects of topical FQ treatment on murine corneas before UV-CXL, in which the corneal epithelium was kept intact.<bold>Methods: </bold>Murine corneas were treated with various antibiotics with or without riboflavin before UV-CXL. At 24 h, the animals were sacrificed, and the corneas were analyzed for histologic evidence of inflammation and apoptosis and for expression of apoptosis markers BAX and caspases 3 and 9 and for expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Spectrofluorometric analysis was performed.<bold>Results: </bold>Corneas treated with topical FQ with or without riboflavin before UV-CXL showed mild corneal stromal inflammation, apoptosis by both terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and increased expression of BAX gene and caspases 3 and 9 by densitometric analysis. Untreated corneas, corneas treated with azithromycin before UV-CXL, and corneas undergoing UV-CXL without any antibiotic or riboflavin pretreatment showed normal histology, no staining for apoptosis, and no increased production of apoptosis markers by polymerase chain reaction.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>The phototoxic effects of FQs on the cornea may lead surgeons to consider another antibiotic class for prophylaxis against infectious keratitis in UV-CXL. These effects, along with the known cytotoxic effects of FQs independent of UV radiation, may contribute to some of the complications of corneal UV-CXL. Dosage studies may be warranted.
- Subjects
FLUOROQUINOLONES; KERATOCONUS; VITAMIN B2; INFLAMMATION; BIOMARKERS; VITAMIN therapy; THERAPEUTICS; ANIMAL experimentation; ANTIBIOTICS; APOPTOSIS; BIOLOGICAL models; CHEMICAL reagents; CORNEA; MICE; PHOTOSENSITIZERS; QUINOLONE antibacterial agents; CUTANEOUS therapeutics; ULTRAVIOLET radiation; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2017, Vol 33, Issue 2, p73
- ISSN
1080-7683
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1089/jop.2016.0060