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- Title
Impact of age, body weight and metabolic risk factors on steroid reference intervals in men.
- Authors
Mezzullo, Marco; Di Dalmazi, Guido; Fazzini, Alessia; Baccini, Margherita; Repaci, Andrea; Gambineri, Alessandra; Vicennati, Valentina; Pelusi, Carla; Pagotto, Uberto; Fanelli, Flaminia
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the independent impact of age, obesity and metabol ic risk factors on 13 circulating steroid levels; to generate reference intervals for adult men. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Three hundred and fifteen adults, drug-free and apparently heal thy men underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation. Thirteen steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS and com pared among men with increasing BMI. Moreover, the independent impact of age, BMI and metabolic parameters on steroid levels was estimated. Upper and lower reference limits were generated in steroid-specific reference su b-cohorts and compared with dysmetabolic subcohorts. Results: We observed lower steroid precursors and testosterone and incr ease in estrone levels in men with higher BMI ranges. By multivariate analysis, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dihydrotestosterone decreased with BMI, while cortisol decreased with waist circumference. Estrone increased with BMI and systolic blood pressure. Testosterone decreased with worsening insulin resistance. 17-hydroxypregnenolone and corticosterone decreased with increasing total/HDL-cholesterol ratio. Age-related reference intervals were estimated for 17-hydroxypregnenolone, DHEA, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol and androstenedione, while age-independent reference intervals were estimated for progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone and estradiol. Testosterone lower limit was 2.29 nmol/L lower (P = 0.007) in insulin resistant vs insulin sensitive men. Furthermore, the upper limits for dihydrotestosterone (-0.34 nmol/L, P = 0.045), cortisol (-87 nmol/L, P = 0.045- 0.002) and corticosterone (-10.1 nmol/L, P = 0.048-0.016) were lower in overweight/obese, in abdominal obese and in dyslipidaemic subjects compared to reference sub-cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: Obesity and mild unmedicated metabolic risk factors alter the circulating steroid profile and bias the estimation of reference limits for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, cortisol and corticosterone. Applying agedependent reference intervals is mandatory for steroid precurso rs and corticosteroids.
- Subjects
BODY weight; STEROIDS; SYSTOLIC blood pressure; OVARIAN function tests; ESTRONE; WAIST circumference; ADRENAL insufficiency
- Publication
European Journal of Endocrinology, 2020, Vol 182, Issue 5, p459
- ISSN
0804-4643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1530/EJE-19-0928