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- Title
The Local Food Environment and Obesity: Evidence from Three Cities.
- Authors
Walker, Blake Byron; Shashank, Aateka; Gasevic, Danijela; Schuurman, Nadine; Poirier, Paul; Teo, Koon; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Yusuf, Salim; Lear, Scott A.
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>This study aimed to identify the association between the food environment and obesity.<bold>Methods: </bold>BMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured in 8,076 participants from three cities. The number of fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants, bars/pubs, markets, and liquor stores within 500 m of each participant was documented. The association between the food environment (ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants, ratio of bars/pubs to liquor stores, and presence of markets) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm for males or WC ≥ 88 cm for females) was investigated, adjusted for age, sex, education level, neighborhood deprivation, neighborhood type, and total hours per week of walking and taking into account city-level clustering.<bold>Results: </bold>The ratios of fast-food to full-service restaurants and of bars/pubs to liquor stores were positively associated with obesity (OR = 1.05 [CI: 1.02-1.09] and OR = 1.08 [CI: 1.04-1.13], respectively). The ratio of bars/pubs to liquor stores was positively associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 1.10 [CI: 1.05-1.14]). There was no association between markets and either obesity or abdominal obesity.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Features of the food environment have varying associations with obesity. These features have an additive effect, and future studies should not focus on only one feature in isolation.
- Subjects
CANADA; LOCAL foods; LIQUOR stores; OBESITY; WAIST circumference; ECOLOGY; RESTAURANT statistics; FOOD supply statistics; RESEARCH; CONVENIENCE foods; RESTAURANTS; RESEARCH methodology; EVALUATION research; MEDICAL cooperation; FOOD supply; SOCIAL context; COMPARATIVE studies; WALKING; RESEARCH funding; METROPOLITAN areas; RESIDENTIAL patterns
- Publication
Obesity (19307381), 2020, Vol 28, Issue 1, p40
- ISSN
1930-7381
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/oby.22614