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- Title
Microglial Activation in Metal Neurotoxicity: Impact in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
- Authors
Martínez-Hernández, María I.; Acosta-Saavedra, Leonor C.; Hernández-Kelly, Luisa C.; Loaeza-Loaeza, Jaqueline; Ortega, Arturo
- Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes encompass a large variety of diseases with different pathological patterns and clinical features, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Exposure to metals has been hypothesized to increase oxidative stress in brain cells leading to cell death and neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicity of metals has been demonstrated by several in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, and most probably, each metal has its specific pathway to trigger cell death. As a result, exposure to essential metals, such as manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and cobalt, and nonessential metals, including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, perturbs metal homeostasis at the cellular and organism levels leading to neurodegeneration. In this contribution, a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which metals affect microglia physiology and signaling properties is presented. Furthermore, studies that validate the disruption of microglia activation pathways as an essential mechanism of metal toxicity that can contribute to neurodegenerative disease are also presented and discussed.
- Subjects
RISK factors of neurodegeneration; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; IN vitro studies; EXPERIMENTAL design; HOMEOSTASIS; SYNDROMES; IN vivo studies; CELL physiology; APOPTOSIS; METALS; RISK assessment; OXIDATIVE stress; CELLULAR signal transduction; ENVIRONMENTAL exposure; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
BioMed Research International, 2023, p1
- ISSN
2314-6133
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2023/7389508