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- Title
Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020–21.
- Authors
Lucinde, Ruth K.; Mugo, Daisy; Bottomley, Christian; Karani, Angela; Gardiner, Elizabeth; Aziza, Rabia; Gitonga, John N.; Karanja, Henry; Nyagwange, James; Tuju, James; Wanjiku, Perpetual; Nzomo, Edward; Kamuri, Evans; Thuranira, Kaugiria; Agunda, Sarah; Nyutu, Gideon; Etyang, Anthony O.; Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O.; Kagucia, Eunice; Uyoga, Sophie
- Abstract
Introduction: The high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have remained undetected presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and estimating the extent of population immunity. Methods: We used residual blood samples from women attending antenatal care services at three hospitals in Kenya between August 2020 and October 2021and a validated IgG ELISA for SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and adjusted the results for assay sensitivity and specificity. We fitted a two-component mixture model as an alternative to the threshold analysis to estimate of the proportion of individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: We estimated seroprevalence in 2,981 women; 706 in Nairobi, 567 in Busia and 1,708 in Kilifi. By October 2021, 13% of participants were vaccinated (at least one dose) in Nairobi, 2% in Busia. Adjusted seroprevalence rose in all sites; from 50% (95%CI 42–58) in August 2020, to 85% (95%CI 78–92) in October 2021 in Nairobi; from 31% (95%CI 25–37) in May 2021 to 71% (95%CI 64–77) in October 2021 in Busia; and from 1% (95% CI 0–3) in September 2020 to 63% (95% CI 56–69) in October 2021 in Kilifi. Mixture modelling, suggests adjusted cross-sectional prevalence estimates are underestimates; seroprevalence in October 2021 could be 74% in Busia and 72% in Kilifi. Conclusions: There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Busia and Kilifi Counties. Due to the length of time since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated cross-sectional surveys are now difficult to interpret without the use of models to account for antibody waning.
- Subjects
NAIROBI (Kenya); WOMEN'S hospitals; PRENATAL care; SARS-CoV-2; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; HERD immunity; HOSPITALS
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2022, Vol 17, Issue 10, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0265478