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- Title
On Single and Multiple pH-Sensitive Hydrogel Micro-valves: A 3D Transient Fully Coupled Fluid–Solid Interaction Study.
- Authors
Niroumandi, Soha; Shojaeifard, Mohammad; Baghani, Mostafa
- Abstract
pH-sensitive hydrogels are classified as soft materials that can be employed for future imaginative applications due to their interesting characteristics. Smart hydrogels undergo large deformation under exterior stimuli. However, the swelling behaviors of hydrogels that can be harnessed for microfluidic applications are not well perceived. In this paper, the functionality of an assortment of micro-valves which are composed of pH-sensitive cylindrical hydrogel jackets coated on rigid pillars is inspected considering fully coupled fluid–solid interaction analysis. Therefore, in order to introduce the theory of transient swelling of a pH-sensitive micro-check valve, a transient constitutive model capturing electrical, chemical, and mechanical fields for the hydrogel domain is utilized with fluid fields passing around the micro-valve. In this regard, the Nernst–Planck equation is employed to describe the ions' diffusion, and Gent hyperelastic model is used to account for the large deformation of the hydrogel. Implementing this nonlinear finite element framework, we examine the performance of one cylindrical jacket and also three patterns of multiple cylindrical valves considering transient 3D FSI behavior of the hydrogel micro-valve. The foremost emphasized novelty of this paper is considering three-dimensional geometry, new designs of micro-valves, and time-dependent swelling of hydrogels by coupling ions diffusion and their large deformation. Article Highlights: Three-dimensional single and multiple pH-sensitive hydrogel micro-valves Electro-chemo-mechanical theory for pH-sensitive hydrogels to predict their transient swelling Fluid–solid interaction of Newtonian fluid and hydrogel which can undergo large reversible deformation
- Subjects
NEWTONIAN fluids; HYDROGELS; NERNST-Planck equation
- Publication
Transport in Porous Media, 2022, Vol 142, Issue 1/2, p295
- ISSN
0169-3913
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11242-021-01625-y