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- Title
A New Model in the Ottoman Empire: Ethos of Protestant Missionary College Campuses.
- Authors
Bayram, Omer Faruk; Önal, Feride
- Abstract
Missionary activities, which have a religious background, are associated with the architectural environment in every period of history. A station is a region aimed to where the missionaries are erranded to penetrate and involves the structures formed by the church and the surrounding small buildings. The role of the church, which had been the focus of missionary activities for a long time, began to change in the 19th century. As a result of the rationalism movements that affected the whole world, education becomes secular. The emergence of the Protestant ideology based on the Reformist-Calvinist tradition is followed by the Enlightenment movements and the Industrial Revolution. The Protestant College model, which forms its core in Europe, is transported to the continent of America and finds its sui generis final form. Adventurous and secular missionaries educated in these innovative, secular and scientific Protestant institutions will now work hard to transfer this very new model to the farthest corners of the globe targeted by imperial states. In this period, the architectural buildings of the missionaries cover a wide range; in addition to the church structures, buildings such as press houses, schools, dispensers and hospitals are among the architectural products built by the missionaries. Protestant college campuses are the new stations of the mission regions in the contemporary world. The religious organizations of minority groups in the Ottoman Empire, which has a multi-national, multi-cultural and multi-religious social formation, are clustered around the church of each community, within the framework of the religious freedoms provided by the state for a long time. As a result of becoming education secular now, religious minorities in the imperial lands start to establish their own schools giving more importance to scientific education and these schools emerges mostly around the capital city, Istanbul. The education of Muslim people is tried to be provided in madrasahs and schools of the state, which can be said to be inadequate in terms of catching up with the era. In the Enlightenment period, the Ottoman Empire puts a great effort to open new schools under the influence of the Western Empires, and these schools are generally with military formations and are massive structures and the organization of these schools are planned under a single building. At the very beginning of the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire meets Protestantism for the first time with the Protestant missionaries landing to Izmir, and the Protestant College campus model is implemented in the imperial lands. In addition to the traditional education models of the state and religious communities, these institutions providing scientific and contemporary methods are in high demand from the local people. Eventual, quite large campuses and building complexes emerge in important city centers of Anatolia. These settlements generally located on the peripheries of the cities, drawing a dominant image in the city plan with their large areas and on the silhouettes of Anatolian cities with the various structures they contain in their campuses with their iconic structures, acquire a strong impression in the memory of the civic.
- Subjects
COLLEGE campuses; PROTESTANTISM; PROTESTANT missions; MISSIONARIES; EDUCATION of Muslims; SECULAR education; RELIGIOUS minorities; OTTOMAN Empire
- Publication
Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 2022, Vol 15, Issue 90, p269
- ISSN
2147-2971
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.29228/JASSS.54879