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- Title
Characterization of Khorasan wheat (Kamut) and impact of a replacement diet on cardiovascular risk factors: cross-over dietary intervention study.
- Authors
Sofi, F; Whittaker, A; Cesari, F; Gori, A M; Fiorillo, C; Becatti, M; Marotti, I; Dinelli, G; Casini, A; Abbate, R; Gensini, G F; Benedettelli, S
- Abstract
Background/Objectives:Khorasan wheat (Kamut) is an ancient grain with widely acclaimed beneficial effects on human health. The objective was to characterise Kamut and to examine the effect of a replacement diet with their products on cardiovascular risk parameters.Subjects/Methods:We conducted a randomized, single-blinded cross-over trial with two intervention phases on 22 healthy subjects (14 females; 8 males). The participants were assigned to consume products (bread, pasta and crackers) made either from Kamut or control semi-whole-grain wheat for 8 weeks in a random order. An 8-week washout period was implemented between the interventions. Laboratory analyses were performed both at the beginning and at the end of each intervention phase.Results:At a general linear model for repeated measurements adjusted for several confounders, consumption of Kamut products showed a significant reduction of metabolic risk factors such as total cholesterol (mean reduction: −8.46 mg/dl; −4%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−9.82 mg/dl; −7.8%) and blood glucose. Similarly, redox status was significantly improved only after the Kamut intervention phase, as measured by a reduction in both thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (−0.17 nmol/ml; −21.5%;) and carbonyl levels (−0.16 nmol/ml; −17.6%). The replacement diet with Kamut products also resulted in a significant increase of serum potassium and magnesium. Circulating levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor) were significantly reduced after the consumption of Kamut products.Conclusions:The present results suggest that a replacement diet with Kamut products could be effective in reducing metabolic risk factors, markers of both oxidative stress and inflammatory status.
- Subjects
WHEAT; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; CROSSOVER trials; CLINICAL pathology; LINEAR statistical models; LOW density lipoproteins; BLOOD sugar
- Publication
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013, Vol 67, Issue 2, p190
- ISSN
0954-3007
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/ejcn.2012.206