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- Title
Physical Therapy Services for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Role of Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Service Waivers.
- Authors
Friedman, Carli; Feldner, Heather A
- Abstract
Background Care and support for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in natural community contexts are increasing. Many people with IDD use physical therapy services to support their community participation. Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) 1915(c) waivers are the largest providers of long-term services and supports for people with IDD. However, little is known about physical therapy provision under this program. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the operational definitions of physical therapy service under the HCBS 1915(c) waiver system and to describe projected physical therapy service utilization, spending, and reimbursement for people with IDD across states. Design This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Methods This study analyzed fiscal year 2015 HCBS IDD waivers from across the nation (N = 111), focusing on physical therapy utilization (total projected spending, total participants, reimbursement rates, and average annual service provision per participant). Service definitions were also analyzed to determine trends across waivers. Results Fifty-one waivers (45.9%) provided 61 different types of physical therapy services in fiscal year 2015. States utilized waivers to provide long-term remedial care rather than the acute short-term physical therapy. HCBS waiver physical therapy services were often provided in participants' homes and communities to expand physical therapy access and secure the benefits of providing physical therapy services in natural environments. Although most states have adopted similar definitions of physical therapy service, procedures and services vary. Limitations Medicaid HCBS waivers are state projections made to the federal government rather than actual utilization data. Conclusions Physical therapy service definitions, projected service utilization, spending, and reimbursement for people with IDD who use Medicaid HCBS waivers vary greatly between states. Physical therapy may be utilized less than expected given the reported benefits for people with IDD.
- Subjects
UNITED States; REHABILITATION for people with intellectual disabilities; DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities; HEALTH services accessibility; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAID; PHYSICAL therapy; RESEARCH funding; SOCIAL participation; HEALTH insurance reimbursement; CROSS-sectional method; ECONOMICS
- Publication
Physical Therapy, 2018, Vol 98, Issue 10, p844
- ISSN
0031-9023
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ptj/pzy082