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- Title
CEM43°C thermal dose thresholds: a potential guide for magnetic resonance radiofrequency exposure levels?
- Authors
Rhoon, Gerard; Samaras, Theodoros; Yarmolenko, Pavel; Dewhirst, Mark; Neufeld, Esra; Kuster, Niels
- Abstract
Objective: To define thresholds of safe local temperature increases for MR equipment that exposes patients to radiofrequency fields of high intensities for long duration. These MR systems induce heterogeneous energy absorption patterns inside the body and can create localised hotspots with a risk of overheating. Methods: The MRI + EUREKA research consortium organised a 'Thermal Workshop on RF Hotspots'. The available literature on thresholds for thermal damage and the validity of the thermal dose (TD) model were discussed. Results/Conclusions: The following global TD threshold guidelines for safe use of MR are proposed: The following definitions are applied: Key Points: • Standard MRI can cause local heating by radiofrequency absorption. • Monitoring thermal dose (in units of CEM43°C) can control risk during MRI. • 9 CEM43°C seems an acceptable thermal dose threshold for most patients. • For skin, muscle, fat and bone,16 CEM43°C is likely acceptable.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging equipment; RADIO frequency; THRESHOLD (Perception); BODY temperature regulation; RADIO frequency imaging; ELECTROMAGNETIC fields &; health; PHYSIOLOGY; SAFETY
- Publication
European Radiology, 2013, Vol 23, Issue 8, p2215
- ISSN
0938-7994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00330-013-2825-y