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- Title
Hypoglycemia in Children: Major Endocrine-Metabolic Causes and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives.
- Authors
Quarta, Alessia; Iannucci, Daniela; Guarino, Miriana; Blasetti, Annalisa; Chiarelli, Francesco
- Abstract
Hypoglycemia is due to defects in the metabolic systems involved in the transition from the fed to the fasting state or in the hormone control of these systems. In children, hypoglycemia is considered a metabolic-endocrine emergency, because it may lead to brain injury, permanent neurological sequelae and, in rare cases, death. Symptoms are nonspecific, particularly in infants and young children. Diagnosis is based on laboratory investigations during a hypoglycemic event, but it may also require biochemical tests between episodes, dynamic endocrine tests and molecular genetics. This narrative review presents the age-related definitions of hypoglycemia, its pathophysiology and main causes, and discusses the current diagnostic and modern therapeutic approaches.
- Subjects
HOMEOSTASIS; ENDOCRINE diseases; NEUROLOGICAL disorders; GLUCOSE metabolism disorders; HYPERINSULINISM; GALACTOSEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; GLYCOGEN storage disease; INBORN errors of metabolism; BRAIN injuries; CHILDREN
- Publication
Nutrients, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 16, p3544
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu15163544