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- Title
Nitrate removal by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis: comparison and modeling.
- Authors
Zeggar, Hajar; Addar, Fatima Zahra; El-Ghzizel, Soufian; Kitanou, Sara; Tahaikt, Mustapha; Taky, Mohamed; Elmidaoui, Azzedine
- Abstract
The aim of this research is to compare the influence of initial ion concentration on nitrate transfer in nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To accomplish this study, three mathematical models were employed: Kedem-Katchalsky (KK), Spiegler-Kedem (SK), and Nernst-Planck model coupled with film theory (NP-FT). While the KK and SK models do not consider the concentration polarization layer (CP) or electrostatic interaction, they can determine the convective concentration (Cconv), diffusive flux (Jdiff), reflection coefficient (σ), and permeability (Ps) of nitrate ions. The NP-FT model considers the impact of the CP layer and enables the assessment of the thickness (δ) of the CP layer, Ps, and σ. The research was conducted on actual groundwater that was doped with NaNO3 at various initial nitrate concentrations (IC) (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) using the NE90 membrane for NF and RE-BN for RO. The obtained results indicate that the rejection of nitrate ions depends on the pressure and initial concentration, with a more significant dependence observed in the case of the NE90 membrane. The KK and SK models' parameters (Cconv, Jdiff, Ps, and σ) depend on the IC, but this dependence is more pronounced for NF than RO. Both types of ion transfer, convection and diffusion, are present in both membranes with a predominance of diffusion, and their contribution depends on IC. The thickness δ determined by the NP-FT model for both membranes was negligible for RO, and about 10-8 m for NF.
- Subjects
NANOFILTRATION; FILM theory; REVERSE osmosis; NITRATES; REFLECTANCE; ELECTROSTATIC interaction; GROUNDWATER purification
- Publication
Desalination & Water Treatment, 2023, Vol 316, p452
- ISSN
1944-3994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5004/dwt.2023.30218