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- Title
The soluble form of CD160 acts as a tumor mediator of immune escape in melanoma.
- Authors
Gauci, Marie-Léa; Giustiniani, Jérôme; Lepelletier, Clémence; Garbar, Christian; Thonnart, Nicolas; Dumaz, Nicolas; Foussat, Arnaud; Lebbé, Céleste; Bensussan, Armand; Marie-Cardine, Anne
- Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for 90% of skin cancer-related deaths. Major therapeutic advances have led to a considerable improvement in the prognosis of patients, with the development of targeted therapies (BRAF or MEK inhibitors) and immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4 or -PD-1 antibodies). However, the tumor constitutes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents the therapeutic efficacy and/or promotes the development of secondary resistances. CD160 is an activating NK-cell receptor initially described as delineating the NK and CD8+T-cell cytotoxic populations. Three forms of CD160 have been described: (1) the GPI isoform, constitutively expressed and involved in the initiation of NK-cells' cytotoxic activity, (2) the transmembrane isoform, neo-synthesized upon cell activation, allowing the amplification of NK cells' cytotoxic functions and (3) the soluble form, generated after cleavage of the GPI isoform, which presents an immuno-suppressive activity. By performing immunohistochemistry analyses, we observed a strong expression of CD160 at the primary cutaneous tumor site of melanoma patients. We further demonstrated that melanoma cells express CD160-GPI isoform and constitutively release the soluble form (sCD160) into the tumor environment. sCD160 was shown to inhibit the cytotoxic activity of NK-cells towards their target cells. In addition, it was found in the serum of melanoma patients and associated with increased tumor dissemination. Altogether these results support a role for sCD160 in the mechanisms leading to the inhibition of anti-tumor response and immune surveillance in melanoma.
- Subjects
MELANOMA; KILLER cells; CANCER invasiveness; TUMOR microenvironment; TUMORS; UVEA cancer; GRANZYMES; SKIN cancer
- Publication
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022, Vol 71, Issue 11, p2731
- ISSN
0340-7004
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00262-022-03199-0