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- Title
Conditions of Poverty, Parent–Child Interactions, and Toddlers' Early Language Skills in Low-Income Families.
- Authors
Justice, Laura M.; Jiang, Hui; Purtell, Kelly M.; Schmeer, Kammi; Boone, Kelly; Bates, Randi; Salsberry, Pamela J.
- Abstract
Objectives The study examined the relations between parent–child interaction in the first year of life to toddlers' language skills at age 2 years for a sample of children reared in poverty; of specific interest was testing the Family Stress Model, which proposes that the conditions of poverty influence children's language skills through caregiver well-being (e.g., distress, depression) and interaction dysregulation. Methods Participants were from the Kids in Columbus Study, a birth-cohort study of children born to urban families experiencing material hardship. Caregiver questionnaires were collected when the child was 4–7 months to document poverty conditions (maternal hardship, institutional resources), caregiver well-being (depression, distress), and dysregulation in parent–child interactions. The Bayley-III assessed receptive and expressive language skills when the children were 2 years. Results On average, receptive language skills were nearly 1 SD below the normative mean. Path models showed a significant effect of caregiver-child dysregulated interactions on toddlers' language skills, and an indirect effect of maternal distress on parent–child interactions and, in turn, toddlers' language skills. Conclusions for Practice This study confirmed the theoretical Family Stress Model as a viable representation of the effects of poverty on the language skills of toddlers reared in homes experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage.
- Subjects
CHI-squared test; COMMUNICATIVE competence; CONFIDENCE intervals; STATISTICAL correlation; MENTAL depression; LANGUAGE acquisition; LONGITUDINAL method; METROPOLITAN areas; PARENT-child relationships; POVERTY; QUESTIONNAIRES; RELIABILITY (Personality trait); PSYCHOLOGICAL stress; WELL-being; EDINBURGH Postnatal Depression Scale; PARENT attitudes; CHILDREN
- Publication
Maternal & Child Health Journal, 2019, Vol 23, Issue 7, p971
- ISSN
1092-7875
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10995-018-02726-9