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- Title
Prostate cancer in the dog: a potential animal model for aggressive prostate cancer in man.
- Authors
Grieco, V.
- Abstract
Among mammals, the only species showing spontaneous prostatic carcinoma is the dog. Canine prostatic carcinomas are rarer than in men but frequently showing undifferentiated morphology resembling the most aggressive human counterpart. Genetically engineered mice and cell culture have been employed in the study on human prostate cancer, however in these mice tumors are frequently different from the human ones. In addition, murine induced prostate cancers rarely develop bone metastases as in men and dog. Cell cultures, they are surely useful, however, they totally lack the tissue microenvironment that can play a role in cancer progression. For these reasons, animal models remain important and studies already highlighted relevant immunohistochemical similarities between human and canine prostate carcinomas. An intriguing field of research in prostate cancer is the expression of both androgen and estrogen receptors. Paralleling with the human counterpart, a decreasing in both androgen and estrogen receptors beta has been observed in canine aggressive prostate carcinomas. Moreover, in men frequently prostate carcinomas become refractory to castration therapies and tumor growths even if antiandrogen drugs are administered. Canine prostate carcinoma is not sensible to anti-androgen therapies, so that they could be an interesting potential model for the study of castration refractory human prostate cancers. Concerning estrogen receptors beta, when they bind estradiol they show an antiproliferative effect and a decreasing of these receptors promote cancer growth. Recently, studies individuated substances that could restore the estrogen receptor number, but they still need experiments and the dog could be a potential animal model. In addition, preneoplastic lesions such as prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia and proliferative inflammatory atrophy, typically observed in men, have been recently recognized in canine prostate, indicating the dog as possible animal model for the study of human prostatic cancer initiation and progression.
- Subjects
CANCER in dogs; PROSTATE cancer; ANIMAL models of cancer
- Publication
International Journal Of Health Animal Science & Food Safety, 2018, Vol 5, p15
- ISSN
2283-3927
- Publication type
Abstract