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- Title
The Contribution of Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Diagnosis of Primary and Secondary Central Nervous System Vasculitis.
- Authors
D'Aniello, Serena; Rustici, Arianna; Gramegna, Laura Ludovica; Godi, Claudia; Piccolo, Laura; Gentile, Mauro; Zini, Andrea; Carrozzi, Alessandro; Lodi, Raffaele; Tonon, Caterina; Dall'Olio, Massimo; Simonetti, Luigi; Chieffo, Raffaella; Anzalone, Nicoletta; Cirillo, Luigi
- Abstract
Background: To describe high-resolution brain vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) patterns and morphological brain findings in central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with confirmed CNS Vasculitis from two tertiary centers underwent VW-MRI using a 3T scanner. The images were reviewed by two neuroradiologists to assess vessel wall enhancement characteristics and locations. Results: Fourteen patients were included (six females; average age 48 ± 19 years). Diagnoses included primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) in six patients and secondary CNS vasculitis (SCNSV) in eight, half of which were infection-related. Thirteen patients showed vessel wall enhancement, which was intense in eleven patients (84.6%) and concentric in twelve (92.3%), affecting the anterior circulation in nine patients (69.2%), posterior in two patients (15.4%), and both circulations in two patients (15.4%). The enhancement patterns were similar across different CNS vasculitis types. DWI changes corresponded with areas of vessel wall enhancement in 77% of patients. Conclusions: CNS vasculitis is often associated with intense, concentric vessel wall enhancement in VW-MRI, especially in the anterior circulation. The consistent presence of DWI alterations in affected territories suggests a possible link to microembolization or hypoperfusion. These imaging findings complement parenchymal brain MRI and MRA/DSA data, potentially increasing the possibility of a clinical diagnosis of CNS vasculitis.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging; CENTRAL nervous system; VASCULITIS; LEUKOCYTOCLASTIC vasculitis; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
Diagnostics (2075-4418), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 9, p927
- ISSN
2075-4418
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/diagnostics14090927