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- Title
Catalytic Upgrading of Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Carbon Pellets into Hydrocarbons-like Fuels in a Two-Stage Reactor: Analysis of Hydrocarbons Composition and Physical-Chemistry Properties.
- Authors
Bernar, Lucas Pinto; Ferreira, Caio Campos; Costa, Augusto Fernando de Freitas; Ribeiro, Haroldo Jorge da Silva; dos Santos, Wenderson Gomes; Pereira, Lia Martins; Pereira, Anderson Mathias; Moraes, Nathalia Lobato; Assunção, Fernanda Paula da Costa; Mota, Sílvio Alex Pereira da; de Castro, Douglas Alberto Rocha; Santos, Marcelo Costa; Mendonça, Neyson Martins; Duvoisin Jr., Sergio; Borges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; Machado, Nélio Teixeira
- Abstract
This work investigated the influence of the reaction time and catalyst-to-residual fat ratio by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value) and chemical composition of bio-oils, over a catalyst fixed-bed reactor of activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in semi-pilot scale. The experiments were carried out at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a process schema consisting of a thermal cracking reactor of 2.0 L coupled to a catalyst fixed-bed reactor of 53 mL, without catalyst and using 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% (wt.) activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in batch mode. Results show yields of bio-oil decreasing with increasing catalyst-to-tallow ratio. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, ring-containing alkanes, ring-containing alkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, and aldehydes). For all the pyrolysis and catalytic cracking experiments, the hydrocarbon selectivity in bio-oil increases with increasing reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area).
- Subjects
HYDROCARBON analysis; ACTIVATED carbon; NUCLEAR fuels; FAT; WOOD pellets; BIOMASS liquefaction; CATALYTIC cracking; FOOD aroma
- Publication
Energies (19961073), 2022, Vol 15, Issue 13, p4587
- ISSN
1996-1073
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/en15134587