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- Title
The origin and genetic divergence of 'black' kokanee, a novel reproductive ecotype of Oncorhynchus nerka.
- Authors
Moreira, Amanda L.; Taylor, Eric B.
- Abstract
Kokanee and sockeye salmon are the freshwater-resident and anadromous forms, respectively, of Oncorhynchus nerka. Unique populations of 'black' kokanee are found in Lake Saiko, Japan, and in Anderson and Seton lakes in the southwestern interior of British Columbia. They are distinct from other populations of O. nerka in that black kokanee display black nuptial colouration and they spawn between 20 to 70 m below the surface of lakes in the winter or early spring. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nine microsatellite loci supported the hypothesis that black kokanee in Lake Saiko and in Anderson and Seton lakes have had a diphyletic origin resulting from at least two episodes of divergence in the North Pacific basin. Further, black kokanee in the Anderson and Seton lakes system were genetically distinct from sympatric populations of sockeye salmon in Gates and Portage creeks (inlets to Anderson and Seton lakes, respectively) and were distinct from one another. Anderson and Seton lake black kokanee differed dramatically from one another in standard length at maturity, but no differences were found between the two populations in size-adjusted maximum body depth or in gill raker numbers. Independent origins of black kokanee represent novel diversity within O. nerka, are consistent with the importance of parallel evolution in the origin of biodiversity, and suggest that independent management regimes are required for the persistence of black kokanee biodiversity within a physically interconnected lake system.
- Subjects
JAPAN; KOKANEE salmon; SALMON genetics; BIOLOGICAL divergence; SOCKEYE salmon; ANADROMOUS fishes; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; FISH populations; LAKES
- Publication
Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 2015, Vol 72, Issue 10, p1584
- ISSN
0706-652X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1139/cjfas-2015-0145