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- Title
Different Effects of Volatile and Nonvolatile Anesthetic Agents on Long-Term Survival in an Experimental Model of Hemorrhagic Shock.
- Authors
Dai, Wangde; Shi, Jianru; Carreno, Juan; Kloner, Robert A.
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>We investigated whether the cardioprotective, volatile gas anesthetic agent, isoflurane, could improve survival and organ function from hemorrhagic shock in an experimental rat model, compared to standard nonvolatile anesthetic agent ketamine/xylazine.<bold>Methods: </bold>Sprague Dawley rats (both genders) were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal ketamine/xylazine (K/X, 90 and 10 mg/kg; n = 12) or isoflurane (5% isoflurane induction and 2% maintenance in room air; n = 12) for anesthesia. Blood was withdrawn to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 30 mm Hg for 1 hour, followed by 30 minutes of resuscitation with shed blood. Rats were allowed to recover and survive for 6 weeks.<bold>Results: </bold>During the shock phase, the total withdrawn blood volume (expressed as % of estimated total blood volume) to maintain a level of hypotension of 30 mm Hg was significantly higher in the isoflurane group (51.0% ± 1.5%) than in the K/X group (45.3% ± 1.8%; P = .023). Recovery of blood pressure during the resuscitation phase was significantly improved in the isoflurane group compared to the K/X group. The survival rate at 6 weeks was 1 (8.3%) of 12 in rats receiving K/X and 10 (83.3%) of 12 in rats receiving isoflurane (P < .001). Histology performed at 6 weeks demonstrated brain infarction in the 1 surviving rat receiving K/X; no brain infarction occurred in the 10 surviving rats that received isoflurane. No infarction was detected in heart, lung, liver, or kidneys among the surviving rats.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Isoflurane improved blood pressure response to resuscitation and resulted in significantly higher long-term survival rate.
- Subjects
ANESTHETICS; HEMORRHAGIC shock; ORGANS (Anatomy); SPRAGUE Dawley rats; INHALATION anesthetics; CEREBRAL infarction
- Publication
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2020, Vol 25, Issue 4, p346
- ISSN
1074-2484
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1177/1074248420919221