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- Title
Casein-specific immunoglobulins in cow's milk allergic patient subgroups reveal a shift to IgA dominance in tolerant patients.
- Authors
Sletten, Gaynour B. G.; Halvorsen, Ragnhild; Egaas, Eliann; Halstensen, Trond S.
- Abstract
Differences in casein-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G-subclass and IgA serum levels between reactive and tolerant patients may hint at the immunopathogenesis during tolerance development in cow's milk allergy (CMA). α-, β- and κ-casein-specific IgG1, IgG4, IgE and IgA serum levels were compared in clinically reactive and tolerized IgE-mediated (n = 15) and non-IgE-mediated (n = 14) CMA with delayed gastrointestinal symptoms, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot techniques. The median anti-casein IgE levels in clinically reactive IgE-mediated CMA patients (n = 9) were 140- to 180-fold higher than in tolerized patients (n = 6) and 160- to 200-fold higher than in controls (n = 10). Median α-, β- and κ-casein-specific IgG1 and IgG4 levels were nine- to 60-fold higher in reactive patients and five- to 60-fold in tolerized patients. Clinical tolerance in IgE-mediated CMA was thus associated with decreased casein-specific IgE, IgG4 and IgG1, whereas serum IgA anti- α -, β- and κ-casein remained practically unaltered. Tolerized cow's milk protein (CMP)-sensitive atopic dermatitis had, in particular, decreased κ-casein-specific IgG1 levels, compared with clinically reactive patients. The ELISA levels to immunoblot correlation profile for the α-, β- and κ-casein-specific IgE suggested that the IgE-mediated CMA patients predominantly reacted to tertiary α- and β-casein epitopes whereas the IgE in non-IgE-mediated patients reacted to linearized α-, β- and κ-casein epitopes. Clinical tolerance in non-IgE-mediated CMA patients (n = 9) was associated with a four- to 10-fold decrease in casein-specific IgE levels, accompanied by a five- to eightfold decrease in IgG1 and five- to 60-fold decrease in IgG4 levels, whereas casein-specific IgA levels remained unaltered. Thus, tolerance in both patient groups was characterized by a generalized decreased humoral immune response to caseins, which induced a functional shift to IgA dominance.
- Subjects
SERUM; BLOOD plasma; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; ANTIBODY diversity; BLOOD proteins; SKIN inflammation
- Publication
Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, 2007, Vol 18, Issue 1, p71
- ISSN
0905-6157
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00489.x