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- Title
Does visualisation during urethrocystoscopy provide pain relief? Results of an observational study.
- Authors
Koenig, J.; Sevinc, S.; Frohme, C.; Heers, H.; Hofmann, R.; Hegelec, A.
- Abstract
Background: To measure the effects of real-time visualisation during urethrocystoscopy on pain in patients who underwent ambulatory urethrocystoscopy. Methods: An observational study was designed. From June 2012 to June 2013 patients who had ambulatory urethrocystoscopy participated in the study. In order to measure pain perception we used a numeric rating scale (NRS) 0 to 10. Additional data was collected including gender, reason for intervention, use of a rigid or a flexible instrument and whether the patient had had urethrocystoscopy before. Results: 185 patients were evaluated. 125 patients preferred to watch their urethrocystoscopy on a real-time video screen, 60 patients did not. There was no statistically relevant difference in pain perception between those patients who watched their urethrocystoscopy on a real-time video screen and those who did not (p = 0.063). However, men who were allowed to watch their flexible urethrocystoscopy experienced significantly less pain, than those who did not (p = 0.007). No such effects could be measured for rigid urethrocystoscopy (p = 0.317). Furthermore, women experienced significantly higher levels of pain during the urethrocystoscopy than men (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Visualisation during urethrocystoscopy procedures in general does not significantly decrease pain in patients. Nevertheless, men who undergo flexible urethrocystoscopy should be offered to watch their procedure in real-time on a video screen. To make urethrocystoscopy less painful for both genders, especially for women, should be subject to further research.
- Subjects
URETHROSCOPY; VISUALIZATION; PREVENTIVE medicine; PAIN; CYSTOSCOPY; PAIN perception; MEDICAL screening
- Publication
BMC Urology, 2015, Vol 15, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1471-2490
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12894-015-0053-2