We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
REGARDING THE SOUTHERN LIMITS OF BALANUS BALANOIDES (L.).
- Authors
Barnes, H.
- Abstract
1. The available evidence concerning the southern limits of Balanus balanoides as indicated by the literature and recent investigations is presented. These limits approximate to 46°N in the eastern Atlantic, 38°N in the western Atlantic and 57°N on eastern Pacific shores. 2. A sea temperature of 8°C does not per se limit the animal but the winter isotherm of 8°C indicates conditions that approximate to the limits of the species. 3. The effect of temperature on various phases of the life cycle are discussed in some detail; many processes proceed normally (although their rate may be affected) over wide ranges of temperature. 4. In the more southerly parts of its range warm summer temperatures lead to well developed gonads in late summer, but fertilisation is delayed until autumn. The interpretation is an upper limit for the maturation process. Detailed results for U.S. coast are presented. 5. A temperature bar may take a number of forms; the evidence so far available indicates that the temperature must fall below an upper critical limit (near 10°C and remain below this level for some time. 6. The limitation southwards on the eastern American coast, is not entirely due to this temperature bar to breeding. Deleterious effects of high summer temperatures on the adults and severe competition from the warm temperate species, B. eburneus and B. amphitrite, also play an important part. 7. A sudden temperature shock may synchronize breeding. 8. Temperature conditions do not determine the southern boundary on the Pacific coast of this species; it is suggested that the endemic species, B. glandula and B. cariosus have limited the southward spread as the penetration via the Bering Strait progressed. 9. Winter air temperatures appear to set a limit in Europe although high summer temperatures will also play a part. There is no need to invoke competition from warm water species to explain the general distribution although doubtless locally they may be of some importance. 10. Attention is drawn to the contrast between the form of the winter isotherms over the European and American coasts. The fact that they run roughly north and south on European coasts is considered to lead to considerable fluidity, where annual changes and local conditions become important.
- Subjects
UNITED States; SEMIBALANUS balanoides; ATMOSPHERIC temperature; LANDFORMS; COASTS; WINTER
- Publication
Oikos, 1958, Vol 9, Issue 2, p139
- ISSN
0030-1299
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2307/3564762