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- Title
Population-attributable risk of coronary heart disease risk factors during long-term follow-up: the Malmö Preventive Project.
- Authors
Nilsson, P. M.; Nilsson, J.-Å; Berglund, G.
- Abstract
Aims. To calculate the population-attributable risk (PAR) of coronary events (CE) from 10 risk factors, during long-term follow-up. Methods. We used both case–cohort and case–control analyses for calculation of PAR in relation to 10 baseline risk factors. First CE (fatal or nonfatal, n = 3072) in 22 444 males and 10 902 females was recorded during a mean follow-up of 20 years by use of national registers. Results. Using a Cox regression analysis in a case–cohort design, smoking (prevalence in men 49%, women 37%) was the strongest risk factor, RR 2.29 (95% CI 2.09–2.52; PAR 39%), followed by hypercholesterolaemia, RR 1.70 (95% CI 1.56–1.86; PAR 18%), and diabetes, RR 1.67 (95% CI 1.41–1.99; PAR 3%). For women the strongest risk factors were smoking, RR 3.16 (95% CI 2.50–3.98; PAR 44%), diabetes, RR 2.59 (95% CI 1.78–3.76; PAR 6%), and hypertension, RR 2.47 (95% CI 1.94–3.14; PAR 23%). In men, smoking was the strongest predictor both after 10 years [RR 2.69 (95% CI 2.23–3.24)] and 20 years [RR 2.45 (95% CI 2.15–2.79)], followed by hypercholesterolaemia (RR 2.16–1.63), hypertension (RR 2.04–1.51), and diabetes (RR 1.85 –1.47). The case–control design gave very similar results. Total PAR varied from 74% (fully adjusted Cox regression, case–control, in men) to 116% in women (case–cohort). Conclusion. Smoking is the most important long-term risk factor for CE in both genders, based on data from a population with a high proportion of smokers. Ten measured variables explained almost all variation in risk and could be used as a basis for intervention programmes.
- Subjects
CORONARY heart disease risk factors; SMOKING; HEART disease risk factors; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of tobacco
- Publication
Journal of Internal Medicine, 2006, Vol 260, Issue 2, p134
- ISSN
0954-6820
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01671.x