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- Title
Vegetarian diets and gut microbiota: important shifts in markers of metabolism and cardiovascular disease.
- Authors
do Rosario, Vinicius A.; Fernandes, Ricardo; de M. Trindade, Erasmo B.S.
- Abstract
Vegetarian diets have been associated with a lower incidence of several chronic diseases. The benefits of plant-based diets are related mainly to the improvement of metabolic parameters that can indicate risk for such diseases. Some metabolic factors, such as oxidative balance, lipid profile, and glucose homeostasis, can be improved directly by diet, but paradoxically, some characteristics of vegetarian diets may promote a negative scenario that increases the risk of certain chronic diseases. Additionally, many benefits of a vegetarian diet are mediated by the gut microbiota, members of which not only have taxonomic and functional differences but also produce diverse, specific metabolites that vary according to whether the host consumes an omnivorous or a vegetarian diet. This review examines the modulation of human metabolism and gut microbiota by vegetarian and omnivorous dietary patterns and explores how this modulation may affect the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Subjects
BRAZIL; BLOOD-vessel physiology; CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention; CEREBROVASCULAR disease prevention; PREVENTION of chronic diseases; CORONARY heart disease prevention; CORONARY heart disease risk factors; TUMOR prevention; GUT microbiome; METABOLIC syndrome; COLON microbiology; AMINES; APOLIPOPROTEINS; BLOOD pressure; BLOOD sugar; CARNITINE; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLINE; DIETARY fiber; CARBOHYDRATE content of food; FAT content of food; GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin; HEMODYNAMICS; HIGH density lipoproteins; INFLAMMATION; INGESTION; LOW density lipoproteins; MEAT; MEDLINE; METABOLISM; NUTRITIONAL requirements; OMEGA-3 fatty acids; OMEGA-6 fatty acids; OXIDES; POLYPHENOLS; DIETARY proteins; RESEARCH funding; SULFUR amino acids; TRIGLYCERIDES; VEGETARIANISM; VITAMIN B12 deficiency; WEIGHT loss; HOMOCYSTEINE; SYSTEMATIC reviews; EVIDENCE-based medicine; PROFESSIONAL practice; OXIDATIVE stress; BODY mass index; WAIST-hip ratio; CAROTID intima-media thickness; PREVENTION
- Publication
Nutrition Reviews, 2016, Vol 74, Issue 7, p444
- ISSN
0029-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/nutrit/nuw012