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- Title
Odborné vzdelávanie učňov v grafickom remesle koncom 19. storočia a v prvých dekádach 20. storočia.
- Authors
Navarová, Bronislava
- Abstract
In the mid 19th century, when Bratislava had acquired the nature of an industrial and commercial centre, it became apparent that there was the necessity to not only professionally train workforce in the areas of craft and commerce at the place of individual tradesmen, but to take care of their theoretical education at vocational schools. In the 1880s two vocational schools were founded in Bratislava: The Higher Business Academy with the affiliated Business School of the lower degree (Business Vocational School) and the Bratislava Municipal Industrial (Vocational) School, which became the forerunner of Czechoslovak vocational (continuation) schools. Both schools provided general training for various trades. They were also attended by the apprentices of booksellers, printers, and bookbinders, although they constituted only a small fraction of the total number of apprentices. Following the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, the apprenticeship system was nationalised and gradually began to be transformed into vocational schools according to individual production industries. As part of this process, a separate Graphics Vocational School was created in Bratislava in 1923. Over the course of several years, the school became a model of the changes in the typography industry, which the vocational education needed to reflect in order to train capable, educated, and confident professionals. The graphics school had programme-based training, with the core of the teaching consisting in vocational training. The choice of school subjects corresponded accordingly: typesetting, printing, professional drawing, business theory, languages, terminology, history of book printing, development of writing. The school managed to fulfil its main goals, even though it constantly struggled in terms of both funding and premises, facing a lack of school aids and ultimately the specifics of the Slovak typographic environment and the related lack of interest in vocational education. Progress in training future professional typographical workers was evident from, among other things, the annual school vocational exhibitions and from the annual school reports themselves, performed at a good level from a typographical point of view. After 1928, the graphics school was integrated into the associated vocational schools. The integration process was accelerated by the founding of the School of Artistic Crafts with a graphics department.
- Subjects
BRATISLAVA (Slovakia); VOCATIONAL schools; VOCATIONAL education; SCHOOL choice; VOCATIONAL interests; HISTORY of printing; TEACHER development; SCHOOL shootings; HISTORIOGRAPHY
- Publication
Studia Bibliographica Posoniensia, 2022, p211
- ISSN
1337-0723
- Publication type
Article